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October 22, 2007

Mimulus aurantiacus or Sticky Monkey Flower

mimulus aurantiacus.jpgSticky Monkey Flower is a showy, drought-tolerant shrub with spreading branches, peach/orange colored flowers and dark, smooth, green leaves. Usually reaching heights of 3-4 feet, the woody shrub blooms from late winter into fall, and is found in California’s coastal scrub, chaparral and oak woodland plant communities. At home or in commercial landscape design, it needs water immediately after planting. Once established, it thrives in dry, well drained soil and full sun -- particularly near the coast.

True to its name, the leaves of monkey flower are "sticky". A resin on the underside of the leaves protects the plant from desiccation (drying out), and from hungry insects. In early spring, however, the plant is known to house the Chalcedon Checkerspot, a common butterfly that lays its eggs on the underside of the leaf so the larvae can feed on the leaf’s resin. Bees and hummingbirds also love this plant.

The leaves of Sticky Monkey Flower were commonly used by Native Americans to treat a variety of ailments. The Coast Miwok placed the crushed leaves on sores and burns, and the roots have been used to treat fever, dysentery, diarrhea and hemorrhages.

September 27, 2006

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi or bearberry

arctostaphylos uva-ursi.jpgThe bearberry is a dense, low shrub with dark green shiny leaves. It grows in mounds less than one foot tall which can spread considerably, taking root as they travel. The bearberry’s light pink flowers are smaller and less noticeable than its large red berries. Oftentimes flowers and berries will be simultaneously present amongst the bearberry’s lush green leaves.

Also known as kinnikinnick, this plant’s leaves were one of the primary ingredients in smoking mixtures made by the native inhabitants of California. Although no longer widely used as an intoxicant, kinnikinnick is one of the most widely planted shrubby groundcovers in California. It grows well in coastal areas, provided that it has drainage, sun, and irrigation.

Arctostaphylus uva-ursi is native to the central and northern coast of California, and grows abundantly in these locations. It thrives on rocky and sandy outcrops and slopes, and can be found growing wild in chaparral and coniferous forest, usually below 100 m in altitude. Small pockets of it also exist in the Sierra Nevada.

September 20, 2006

Aesclus californica

aesculus californica2.jpgA great tree, bright green leaves contrasting the almost white stems and trunks. Early in the year (Jan-March) leaves come out aand drop at the end of summer due to lack of water, this is normal. Leaf-less and great for letting winter sun into a garden.

September 14, 2006

Grindelia stricta or Gumplant

grindelia.jpgYellow daisy-like flower with thick, fleshy, succulent and toothed leaves. Described as indestructable, one of few plants that can take high winds, being flooded with sea water, and being stranded when the tide flushes back out. They tolerate marine conditions along the coast of California as far North as British Colombia. They grow and spread quickly, forming flower covered mats generally less that a foot tall. The flower buds hold a sticky resin, hence the name gumplant; this substance is sometimes used as skin ointment.

Adiantum jordanii or Maidenhair Fern

maidenhair fernThis is a delicate creeping fern with deeply lobed fronds and fan shaped leaves. They grow best in soil and rock crevices, fully or partly shaded hillsides, and moist woods. However, they are intolerant of frequent summer water.

The plant grows from 8 inches to 2 feet tall and spreads via slender rhizomes, not aggressively, and requires excellent drainage. The petioles are a dark redish brown to blackish and shiny with new fronds lighter in color and growing deep into a vivid green. The spores are found on the underside of the leaves at the margin. The blade is much longer than wide, not forked.

It grows in coastal regions throughout the state and locally flourishes on Angel Island as well as in areas of the East Bay.

August 08, 2006

Romneya coulteri or Matilija Poppy

romneya.jpgMatilija poppy is another good chaparral/coastal scrub
choice for San Francisco with its big white flowers
that look like sunny-side up eggs. Like Cleveland Sage
it needs good drainage and open sunny space, and gets
to be rather large, sometimes growing more than eight
feet tall. It requires minimal water and can spread
rapidly.

Matilija poppy has some interesting medicinal
properties as an astringent to treat minor skin
afflictions and even as an ingredient in mouthwash. It
is found along the west coast from Baja Mexico to
Santa Barbara and its blooms attract a variety of
birds and insects.

July 18, 2006

Fragaria chilensis or beach strawberry

dune_strawberry.jpg
The Beach or Dune Strawberry is a useful native ground cover from the dune plant community. In its natural, coastal environment, it helps to stabilize shifting sand dunes. Beach strawberries send out runners that root and then send out more runners, eventually making a web of sorts, holding the sand together and allowing other plants to establish.

A distant relative of the rose, its berries are edible, but not quite as tasty as the typical hybrid strawberries most people are familiar with.

In residential designs, beach strawberry thrives with moderate irrigation and sandy soil, often forming a thick mat of rounded green leaves, white flowers and green to red berries. The plant is a perfect choice for homes near the coast that get heavy wind and fog.

Castilleja, the Indian Paintbrush

INDIAN PAINTBRUSHThe April sun rises on a landscape splashed with the colors of Spring, and few wildflowers hold the metaphor better than Indian paintbrush. Known botanically as Castilleja, these low-growing blooms of orange and red (or occasionally yellow) appear like blazing tufts of pigment across the full spectrum of habitats -- from grasslands to coastal bluffs, deserts to vernal pools, lowland bogs to the high Sierra -- a testament to nature's art and design.

Here in the Bay Area, stands of purple owl's clover (Castilleja exserta) rank among our showiest grassland wildflowers, and constitute a primary element for the survival of the federally endangered bay checkerspot butterfly. In the coastal scrub, keep an eye out for Franciscan paintbrush (C. subinclusa ssp. franciscana) with its two-toned flower of crimson and gold, and the shaggier Wight's paintbrush (C. wightii) with blossoms of solid yellow or red. We also enjoy the rare and endemic Tiburon paintbrush (C. affinis ssp. neglecta), whose yellow bracts can be spied on open serpentine slopes of Marin and Santa Clara counties, and nowhere else on earth.

The bright colors of the paintbrush derive not from its flowers but from bracts, the leaf-like structures around the flowers, which grow shorter, wider, and more lobed toward the top, often with color highlights at the tips. This beauty above ground masks a deviousness below – paintbrush is a partial parasite unable to thrive alone in the soil. This clever freeloader takes water and nutrients from the roots of other plants like wild buckwheat, bunchgrass, and sagebrush, its favored hosts.

Continue reading "Castilleja, the Indian Paintbrush" »

June 21, 2006

Salvia clevelandii or Cleveland Sage

CLEVELAND SAGECleveland sage is a very aromatic, large sage, from the chaparral and coastal scrub plant groups with purple flowers and grey-green leaves. It needs good drainage, sun and minimal water and can grow to be more than eight feet wide.

This plant is good for filling sunny, open areas and blooms spring to late fall. Its flowers are particularly distinctive and look like little lavender space stations. Its fragrance can be quite intense, even overbearing to some noses. It attracts a variety of insects and its dense foliage is sometimes used as a nesting space by birds.

June 20, 2006

Salvia spathacea or Hummingbird Sage

HUMMINGBIRD SAGEThe inspiration for the Native Spaces logo, Salvia spathacea holds high office in the pantheon of the Franciscan flora. This vigorous creeper grows wild from a rhizome in coastal areas from Orange County to the Bay Area, the northern limit of its natural range. In San Francisco it loves the windy, foggy conditions and summer drought, making it an ideal low-maintenance groundcover for mild sun or partial shade, especially under oaks or on exposed north-facing slopes. Upon the flanks of San Bruno Mountain facing San Francisco, this sage grows in fragrant savannahs of 10,000 sq. ft. and more.

The bright pink blooms and aromatic spear-shaped leaves recommend this plant for any local gardener. It has absolutely the best scent of any sage I know. Squadrons of hungry hummingbirds visit these choice nectarful blossoms daily.

The photo at left shows the last remaining wild population of Salvia spathacea known to exist in the city of San Francisco proper. Read more in this March '05 Chronicle article on Bernal Hill.